Multiple Sclerosis and Myelin Repair Group

A particular focus of our research is the TAM (Tyro3, Axl and Mertk) family of receptors and their two ligands, Gas6 and Protein S. We have shown that Tyro3 modulates developmental myelination and promotes remyelination, an effect driven partially through Tyro3^+ve oligodendrocytes although Tyro3^+ve neurons may also be involved in this process. We have also identified that Mertk, which plays a central role in the clearance of apoptotic cells and myelin debris, is a risk gene for MS. Importantly, we have identified that the TAM ligand Gas6 plays a central role in regulating the response to myelin damage and repair. We are now focussed on developing Gas6-based molecules as a treatment for MS.

In addition to our ongoing interest in TAM receptor signalling in MS, we have a strong interest in understanding the role of microglia in MS. Microglia are a type of immune cell found exclusively in the brain and spinal cord. In addition to their primary function of immune surveillance, microglia also play a vital role in supporting nerve cells and refining the connections between nerve cells. Studies focussing on microglia in recent decades have begun to identify these cells as essential in outcomes of CNS disease. In certain circumstances, microglia are able to promote brain repair; thus, they are an excellent target for the development of new treatments for MS. This project focuses on manipulating microRNA (miRNA) to enhance their protective function.